instrumentalism in the science, as a way of resolving the conflict between religion and science

instrumentalism (in the science) refers to a view that considers scientific theories as nothing more than instruments for prediction. sometimes the traces of this attitude have been searched in the writings of plato and aristotle; but mostly the pioneers of the theory have been thought to be the priests who regarded the scientific propositions as mere hypothesis, in order to defend religious doctrines. george berkeley and pierre duhem, among others, can be accounted the defenders of this view. most of the new instrumentalists choose this approach only in theoretical terms; they do not regard scientific laws as instrumental. instrumentalism has close relationship with many other scientific schools of philosophy (like positivism, conventionalism, pragmatism, and linguistic analysis school) and they have bargain with each other. some people resorting to this theory, resolve the apparent conflict between science and religion by saying that the scientific propositions (as opposed to religious doctrines) represent no reality at all.